The Skade sections in wells 25/2-10 S and 25/1-8 S contain common mollusc fragments and lignite, and have probably been deposited in shallower water close to, or as parts of, a delta. In most parts, the deposits are turbiditic in origin and were probably deposited in quite deep parts of the shelf. The deposition of the Skade Formation represents a southern shift in coarse clastic influx to the basin from the East Shetland Platform, relative to Oligocene time ( Map 1). They comprise a succession of amalgamated sands alternating with thinner mudstones. The areal extent and thickness of the sands are shown in Fig. These sands are referred to as the Skade Formation and reach a gross thickness of up to 300 m (well 16/1-4). In large parts of the Viking Graben, a sandy section, sourced from the East Shetland Platform, makes up a great proportion of the Lower Miocene unit. In the Tampen area the Lower Miocene strata comprise mud-prone lithologies. In the northernmost North Sea, between 61✣0' and 62ºN, the unit has been completely eroded (Rundberg & Eidvin 2005). On seismic sections, the top of the unit can be defined by erosional truncation, as illustrated schematically in Profile 4. It may be present locally in depressions between diapirs. Just south of 61ºN and northwards, the Lower Miocene unit is only present in the central basin and absent at the margins to the west and east (Fig. It is overlain by Middle Miocene sediments in the centre of the basin and Pliocene sediments at the margins (Profile 4). In the southern Viking Graben, it conformably overlies Oligocene strata. The Lower Miocene (unit UH-4 of Rundberg & Eidvin 2005) comprises the topmost part of the Hordaland Group. In the North Sea, the Oligocene – Lower Miocene boundary is marked by major shifts in sedimentation, with onset of sand deposition in the Viking Graben and Jutland ( Map 1). Lower Miocene pelagic sediments are also present at several DSDP and ODP sites in the Vøring and Møre basins (Talwani et al. There are few signs of erosional products related to any of the two hiati, which indicates that the Mid Miocene unconformity in this area is more related to non-deposition rather than representing a major episode of erosion (Bugge et al. The unconformity below the wedge seems to represent more active erosion than at the time of the Mid Miocene unconformity on top. Stratigraphically and agewise, the wedge belongs to the Brygge Formation. It has not been investigated in any well, but from its geometry it might be considered to be similar to the one in the Draugen Field (see figure 5 in Eidvin et al. About 50 km northeast of the Draugen Field another wedge with the same stratigraphic position and appearance has been observed. The stratigraphic gap in well 6407/9-5 ranges from the Lower Oligocene to the Lower Miocene below the wedge, and from the Lower to the Upper Miocene above ( Fig. It is wedge shaped and overlies a well defined erosional unconformity (see figure 4 in Eidvin et al. In the wells 6407/9-/9-3 (not investigated) in the Draugen Field ( Map 1) there is an up to 22 m-thick, fine-grained, hemipelagic section of Lower Miocene sediments. It is not clear if there is a hiatus or continuous deposition between the Lower Oligocene and Lower Miocene part of the formation (Fig. The formation is investigated in well 6510/2-1 (Map 1) and consists of glauconitic (dominant) and quartzose sand of late Burdigalian age. The progradation of the Molo Formation along the inner continental shelf of the Norwegian Sea continued into the Early Miocene, and extended farther south than in the Oligocene. In the Senja Ridge, in wells 7117/9-/9-2, the Upper Pliocene sediments rest on Eocene sediments with an erosional boundary (see also the discussion section). In well 7216/11-1S, there is a hiatus below the Mid Miocene unconformity (Ryseth et al. Possible Lower Miocene has only been recorded in well 7316/5-1 ( Map 2), which penetrated an Oligocene – Lower Miocene section below the base Upper Pliocene erosional surface. The Miocene section of the Barents Sea shelf has been preserved only along the western margin in local basins formed by tectonism along the Senja Fracture Zone.
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2) Positioning accuracy of our cable-driven flexible robotic system is improved with 3D stereo vision tracking. 1) The desired surgical task is encoded into the Behavior Tree framework. Three technical contributions are reported here. We divide semi-automated tumor ablation into six subtasks: intra operative imaging, trajectory planning, plan selection, plan execution and performance checking, as well as an optional recovery procedure if a suboptimal outcome happens during execution. The present paper represents an intermediate milestone towards this capability. Our medium term project objective aims towards a system which can detect and ablate labeled tumor material in an ex-vivo mouse brain. Our scenario assumes that the surgeon will remove the majority of the tumor manually, leaving a surgical cavity whos walls contain possibly cancerous material. (b) post-processed image of the same mouse brain ex vivo. Our experimental system consists of the Raven II™ surgical robotics research platform for positioning the treatment probe as well as a near-infrared(NIR) fluorescence-based imaging system using the 1.6mm diameter Scanning Fiber Endoscope (SFE) for detecting the tissue needing treatment ( Figure 1).ĭetection of mouse brain tumor injected with Tumor Paint in NIR fluorescence image captured by SFE: (a) standard fluorescence image of a mouse brain. Because of this image integration time, manual treatment of the fluorescently labeled material is very tedious. Because fluorescence responses of residual tumor cells can be weak, significant integration time is required for the image collection. Two posited treatment modalities are laser ablation and morcellation/ suction. Our ultimate system will scan the cavity for fluorescently labeled tissue exposed by bulk tumor removal, and automatically treat that material. ’Tumor Paint’, a molecule derived from scorpion toxin, selectively binds to brain tumor cells and fluoresces with illumination of conjugated dye. In our proposed clinical scenario, we will apply biomarkers for brain tumors, ’Tumor Paint’, developed by Dr. After the bulk of the tumor, and margins of up to 1cm, are removed, leaving a cavity, any remaining cancerous material is very dangerous. The removal fraction of brain tumors is extremely critical to the patient’s survival and long term quality of life. This paper provides three contributions mainly: (1) describing the brain tumor ablation as an ideal candidate for autonomous robotic surgery, (2) modeling and implementing the semi-autonomous surgical task using behavior tree framework, and (3) designing an experimental simulated ablation task for feasibility study and robot performance analysis. By integrating with the behavior tree framework, the whole surgical task is modeled flexibly and intelligently as nodes and leaves of a behavior tree. This paper presents a semi-autonomous neurosurgical procedure of brain tumor ablation using RAVEN Surgical Robot and stereo visual feedback. Certain level of autonomy in robotic surgery could not only free the surgeon from some tedious repetitive tasks, but also utilize the advantages of robot: high dexterity and accuracy. Most of the tasks require surgeon’s operation directly or indirectly. Medical robots have been widely used to assist surgeons to carry out dexterous surgical tasks via various ways. See the steps to convert these common fractions to decimal form. Then, after the mixed number is in improper fraction form, you can convert it to a decimal number using any of the methods above. You can convert a mixed fraction to an improper fraction easily.įirst, multiply the whole number by the fraction denominator and create a new fraction with the result as the numerator over the existing denominator. You may also use the form to convert between these units of measurement. So, when working with mixed numbers, the first step is to convert them to an improper fraction. fraction form, yardage decimal form, inches and centimeters. A mixed fraction is a whole number in front of a fraction, like this: Decimal inches: Calculate for this nearest fractonal inch: 1. How to Convert Mixed Fractions to DecimalĪll four of these methods work for proper and improper fractions, but they don’t support mixed fractions. Online Decimal to Fractional Inches Calculator. You’ll probably also find our equivalent fraction chart useful. See our inch fraction calculator for a comprehensive inch fraction to decimal chart. The chart shows fractions with denominators up to 20. Move the decimal place of the top and bottom left two places to simplify.Īnother way to convert fractions to decimals is to consult a conversion chart, such as the one below, which shows the decimal values of a few common fractions.įraction to Decimal Conversion Chart Fraction to decimal conversion chart showing common fractions and their decimal equivalents. Thus, the fraction 1/16 can also be represented as 6.25/100. Now, multiply the numerator by the multiple (6.25). Start by finding the multiple needed to multiply the denominator by to get 100.
Something to be said for a woman whose beauty was so devastating, it swayed Poseidon to seduce her, right in Athena’s domain. Your tattoo of Medusa’s head doesn’t have to symbolize “combat skills” or physical prowess. If your Medusa tattoo design includes a shield, it could signify you’re “battle-ready” that you have the might to destroy your enemy.Ī non-contentious meaning to the Medusa and shield design could be protection. How? The goddess of war also happens to be the goddess of handicraft, so she’s likely found a “crafty” way to place a decapitated head on a metal shield. When Perseus reaches home, he hands Medusa’s head over to Athena, who puts it on her shield. The decapitated head of Medusa was so potent that Perseus had to keep her in a special sack during his journey back home. After seeing the beautiful Andromeda, Perseus took out Medusa’s head and turned the sea monster into stone. Medusa’s slayer, Perseus, managed to destroy the sea monster terrorizing Ethiopia. She may have lost her body, but the tragic Gorgon mortal never lost that one thing that made her an iconic character in every story, modern or classical: the ability to petrify - literally. What is the big deal with Medusa’s head? It stands for power.Įven when Perseus cut off her head, Medusa’s killer gaze still had an effect. It’ll work especially if the design of your tattoo is Medusa’s head. So if you’re looking to keep the negative energy away, the bad stuff in your life, a tattoo of Medusa works. What else could strike terror into another beast but a haunting killer gaze with terrifying snakes for hair. EvilĪnother meaning to your tattoo may be similar with how the evil eye is used by some people: evil to ward off evil. Maybe you’re trying to tell people, the pain from your past still haunts you and you’re liable to “hurt” people. People who know her story may interpret your ink for them to “stay away.” Dealing with DemonsĪs a kind of metaphor tattooing Medusa could symbolize your demons and how you haven’t conquered them yet. Consider what happens to anyone who makes eye contact with Medusa. If you’re a loner or don’t take too well to people, the tattoo could also be meant as a warning. You can place the design of this Greek mythology tattoo somewhere visible, like the length of your arm or leg, the shaved back of your head even a Medusa hand tattoo could come off threatening enough - with the right elements and style. The snake hair, the scary-looking tongue and the menacing stare - if your literal interpretation of Medusa falls to the dark side, then your ink could mean:Įasy enough to use Medusa as intimidating fantasy body art. Do not perform an MRI scan on patients who have multiple MR Conditional neurostimulation systems for pain (multiple IPGs for pain). Do not perform an MRI scan on patients who have an external neurostimulation trial system or any components that are not fully implanted. The MRI scan may result in excessive heating of the system and serious patient injury. Do not perform an MRI scan on patients who have any portion of their implanted system exposed due to skin erosion. This can be confirmed with X-ray imaging of the neck, head, and extremity regions or by referring to the patient records. Head or extremity MRI scans can be conducted safely using a Detachable Head or Extremity RF transmit-receive coil when no parts of the implanted neurostimulation system are within the transmit-receive coil according to the conditions specified for each system in the MRI labeling. MRI scans of implants that are not located in approved locations can possibly result in increased unintended stimulation, excessive heating at the lead electrodes, and serious patient injury. Lead tips can be located at different spinal epidural levels. Two leads should travel in close proximity to one another from the IPG to the spine. The MR Conditional leads must be implanted in the epidural space and routed subcutaneously to the IPG pocket. Location of implanted system. To meet the MR Conditional requirements, components must be implanted according to the approved locations specified by the MRI labeling. MRI scans of nonfunctional leads may result in excessive heating occurring at the location of the implanted lead electrodes and serious patient injury. There may be a problem with the implanted lead(s)” message displays when attempting to enter MRI mode on the patient controller. Do not perform an MRI scan on patients when the “MRI is Not Advised. Do not perform an MRI scan on patients who have an incomplete neurostimulation system, where a lead is present without the IPG or disconnected from the system. Serious patient injury could occur.Ībandoned devices. Do not perform an MRI scan on patients who have any components of a neurostimulation system that are unapproved for use in an MR environment. The following warnings, precautions, and potential adverse events apply when performing MRI scans on Abbott MR Conditional SCS/DRG systems. *If using detachable head or extremity transmit-receive coil, then Normal Operating mode can be used.ģ0 minutes total active scan time per session With Penta™ 5-column paddle lead 3228: B1+rms ≤ 2.1 μT Whole Body SAR ≤ 0.5 W/kg* With TriCentrus™ paddle lead 3292: Normal Operating Mode With Octrode™ stimulation lead, 90cm perc 3189: B1+rms ≤ 3.2 μT Whole Body SAR ≤ 0.6 W/kg* With Octrode™ stimulation lead, 60cm perc 3186: Normal Operating Mode Head scans: Integrated whole-body transmit coil with any receive coil OR detachable head transmit-receive coilĮxtremity scans (knee and below or elbow and below): Integrated whole-body transmit coil with any receive coil OR detachable extremity transmit-receive coil Any body part scans: Integrated whole-body transmit coil with any receive coil A minimum of 48 photons is needed for the synthesis of a single glucose molecule from CO 2 and water (chemical potential difference 5 × 10 −18 J) with a maximal energy conversion efficiency of 35%. This corresponds to frequencies of 2.42 × 10 25 to 2.42 × 10 29 Hz.ĭuring photosynthesis, specific chlorophyll molecules absorb red-light photons at a wavelength of 700 nm in the photosystem I, corresponding to an energy of each photon of ≈ 2 eV ≈ 3 × 10 −19 J ≈ 75 k B T, where k B T denotes the thermal energy. Very-high-energy gamma rays have photon energies of 100 GeV to over 1 PeV (10 11 to 10 15 electronvolts) or 16 nanojoules to 160 microjoules. This minuscule amount of energy is approximately 8 × 10 −13 times the electron's mass (via mass-energy equivalence). Different wavelengths are diffracted at different angles, according to the grating relationship. The Beer-Lambert law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. Orders 1 and 2 are shown to each side of the direct beam. The peak intensity of absorbed light falls at about 550 nanometers, right in the center of the green region of visible wavelengths. Green and purple light have more energy, and when you shine them on the potassium you can kick off an electron. When light of a single wavelength, like the 632.8nm red light from a helium-neon laser at left, strikes a diffraction grating it is diffracted to each side in multiple orders. The photon energy of near infrared radiation at 1 μm wavelength is approximately 1.2398 eV.Īn FM radio station transmitting at 100 MHz emits photons with an energy of about 4.1357 × 10 −7 eV. 6.2.2: Potassium requires 2.0eV to eject an electron, and a photon of red light (700nm) only has 1.77eV and so no matter intense the red light is, it can not kick of an electron. E = h c λ eVm where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light in m/sec, and e is the electron charge. Snappy Driver Installer lets you download several drivers at once for many types of devices. Other functions are available, too: roll back drivers, uninstall drivers, ignore drivers, export a list of drivers to a text file, use Game Boost to release system resources, and view system information details.ĭriver Booster works in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Read Driver Booster's offline driver updater instructions for all the details. It works by exporting information from your non-working PC so you can get the network driver from a working computer. There's also an offline updater built-in. The program creates a restore point before installing a driver in the event something goes wrong with the installation. I love that when new updates appear, they're downloaded from inside the program, so I can avoid having to get them manually from each manufacturer's website.īefore installing a driver, you can see how the new version compares with the currently installed driver, which is helpful. It runs automatically to find outdated drivers, and with support for over 6 million drivers (millions more if you pay) from over one thousand brands, there's a good chance it'll find what you need. It can be annoying at times because of how it advertises other products, but it's compatible with all versions of Windows and makes updating drivers simple because it does all the heavy lifting for you. It's always the tool I use on my computers and what I recommend first to anyone wanting one of these programs. The specs for the PDF format (created by Adobe) is now available, and people have also been "reverse-engineering" the bits that are not documented. Hence why everyone charges for every single little thing. I assumed you had to have some license through Adobe to even create an app to interact with PDFs. There's many ways to display a PDF, so you have to account for all ways to make sure that it works as it should. Long story short, the PDF format is insanely flexible at the expense of a lot of complexity. Why and how is PDF editing seem like such a complicated thing that you have to go through so many hoops for? Waste even more time: /r/InternetIsUseless /r/AndroidIsBeautiful Was your post removed from here? Found a cool site that's not particularly unique or beautiful? Head on over to /r/InternetIsInteresting. If this subreddit for whatever reason fails to provide the interactivity you need, we also highly recommend a look at /r/interactivewebsites for a less diluted dosage of interactivity. If you exhibit a similar addictive lust for information as you do for internet, we highly recommend you go give /r/dataisbeautiful a sub too. Something different? Try /r/InternetIsUgly. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but we have beheld a lot! This subreddit is highly curated and the moderators frequently must use their discretion and judgement as a team when enforcing our rules.Personal attacks, bigotry, fighting words and otherwise shitty behavior will be removed and may result in a ban. We enforce a standard of common decency and civility here.Includes Facebook, Google+, or otherwise.Įxtensions, software, or other content which requires a download to use. Websites that require a login or email address. Sites that pose a potential security risk. Online stores, paid services, or sites which serve only to sell a specific product. Sites that serve a political agenda or otherwise induce drama Static images, gifs, animations that serve the same purpose of gifs or collections of either. Something not unique (includes generators, blogs, tumblrs, etc.) Something everyone on the internet already knows about (e.g., Netflix, Khan Academy, etc.) What NOT to post (detailed explanations can be found here): Minimal or beautifully designed websites.Īwesome websites that offer a unique service. Samwise Gamgee expresses a desire to see one and tells of Hobbit-lore of their being "big as a house" (see below). The creatures are described in The Two Towers. Hobbit folklore called these creatures Oliphaunts. The terms mûmak and mûmakil were used by the Men of Gondor. Mûmakil (singular: mûmak) were animals from Harad resembling elephants. During the War of the Ring, however, Gandalf the Grey's friendship with Shadowfax, lord of the Mearas, led to Shadowfax allowing Gandalf to ride him at the end of the Third Age. Ever since, they have been the mounts of the King and Princes of Rohan alone. They descend from Felaróf, who was tamed by the first King of Rohan, Eorl the Young, and perhaps ultimately from Nahar, horse of the Vala Oromë. They surpass normal horses in the same manner that Elves surpass Men. Their lifespan is similar to that of Men and their intelligence and strength are extraordinary. The mearas (singular mearh) were a breed of wild horses in the north of Middle-earth. The kirinki are said to have been smaller than wrens, with scarlet feathers and "piping voices on the edge of human hearing". One of the many species of birds found in Númenor that were not known in Middle-earth. The Kine of Araw have been compared to aurochs. This horn eventually came to Boromir and was broken when he fell during the War of the Ring. Vorondil the Hunter made a horn of one of these beasts, which became an heirloom of the Stewards of Gondor. White oxen that lived near the inland Sea of Rhûn, called thus by the men of Gondor, who associated them with the Vala Oromë or Araw, "the huntsman of the Valar". It also suggests that the spiders appeared after the Shadow fell on Mirkwood around T.A. 1050. The Lord of the Rings adds that these spiders were of the brood of Shelob, who in turn was a child of Ungoliant, and that they inhabited southern regions of Mirkwood as well. During the events of the book, Thorin's company was captured by spiders and enmeshed in webs however, Bilbo Baggins managed to free them with the aid of his sword Sting and his magic ring. The Elves of Thranduil's realm tried unsuccessfully to exterminate them. The Hobbit describes a colony of sapient and over-sized spiders in the northern parts of Mirkwood at the end of the Third Age. Tolkien proposed variously that they had been either Maiar or just highly intelligent animals. Great Eagles Main article: Eagle (Middle-earth)Ī race of eagles of outstanding size, believed to have been sent to Middle-earth and Númenor by Manwë. Ī few paragraphs later it is said to attack with "beak and claw". A creature of an older world maybe it was. if bird, then greater than all other birds.neither quill nor feather did it bear, and its vast pinions were as webs of hide between horned fingers. Tolkien did not use this phrase as a proper name for them (it is simply a description fell means "fierce, awful, terrible"), but absent any other name, they are usually called "fell beasts". Crebain "crows" would be the regular plural form of Sindarin *craban "crow," a word which (while unattested) seems to have been adopted by Tolkien from Indo-European languages, particularly a pre-Germanic form *krabn-, whence the proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, from which descended both Old High German hraban and English raven.įell beasts Main article: Nazgûl#Steedsįlying creatures that were used by the Nazgûl as steeds during the later parts of the War of the Ring. During the War of the Ring, a flock of crebain searched for the Ring-bearer. They were often used as servants and spies by various evil powers, notably Saruman. Species Crebain Ĭrebain (singular: craban) were a large species of crow that inhabited the land of Dunland during the Third Age. In Quenya, an Elven tongue devised by Tolkien, the general term for animals as distinct from plants was kelvar. In addition, this list encompasses several living creatures that were referred to at some point by Tolkien as being beast-shaped Maiar (angelic beings) rather than proper animals such cases are annotated. This is a list of animals that appear in J. Here, community and quality cannabis intersect, making every visit to JARS River Rouge an experience to remember. In 2008 following the legalization of medical marijuana, Michigan saw an explosion in dispensaries appearing in empty storefronts across the state.Local governments worked to. Browse our selection of premium flower, top-of-the-line pre-rolls, and pre-ground flower to find the perfect option and strain for you Premium Flower. Our knowledgeable team is dedicated to guiding you through our selection with personalized advice, helping you find the perfect product to match your needs. OZ Cannabis is home to some of the highest quality products available on the market today. 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JARS River Rouge, situated on W Jefferson Ave, is a cornerstone of the cannabis community in the Detroit area, offering an unmatched journey into the world of premium cannabis products. |